如何建立创意自信

I wanted to talk to you today about creative confidence（信心）. I'm going to start way back in the third grade at Oakdale School in Barberton, Ohio. I remember one day my best friend Brian was working on a project.

今天我想讲一讲关于创造力自信心的问题最开始我要追溯到我还在俄亥俄州巴伯顿的欧克代尔学校上三年级的时候记得有一天，我最好的朋友布莱恩正在做手工

He was making a horse out of the clay our teacher kept under the sink. And at one point, one of the girls that was sitting at his table, seeing what he was doing, leaned over and said to him, "That's terrible. That doesn't look anything like a horse."

他在用老师放在水池下的陶土做一匹马忽然，跟他同桌的一个女孩儿看到他在做的东西靠过来说道“真差劲。那看起来一点儿也不像马”

And Brian's shoulders sank. And he wadded up the clay horse and he threw it back in the bin. I never saw Brian do a project like that ever again. And I wonder how often that happens, you know?

布莱恩的肩膀懈下来把陶土小马捏成一团，扔进了垃圾箱之后我再也没见过布莱恩做类似的手工了我想知道这种事有多普遍

It seems like when I tell that story of Brian to my class, a lot of them want to come up after class and tell me about their similar experience, how a teacher shut them down, or how a student was particularly cruel to them.

当我对学生们讲布莱恩的故事时似乎有很多人想在课后留下来告诉了我他们自己类似的经历老师如何贬低他们同学如何不留情面

And then some kind of opt out of thinking of themselves as creative at that point. And I see that opting out that happens in childhood, and it moves in and becomes more ingrained, even, by the time you get to adult life.

其中一些人从此再也不相信自己是有创意的人我发现这种童年时的改变会变得越来越深刻甚至直至成年

So we see a lot of this. When we have a workshop or when we have clients in to work with us side by side, eventually we get to the point in the process that's kind of fuzzy or unconventional（非传统的）.

所以我们看到很多这样的例子当我们办讲座或是与客户在一起工作的时候最终我们会进入一个环节一个模糊的、非常规的环节

And eventually, these big-shot executives whip out their BlackBerrys and they say they have to make really important phone calls, and they head for the exits. And they're just so uncomfortable. When we track them down and ask them what's going on,

最终，这些高层经理会抽出他们的黑莓手机说他们必须打几个非常重要的电话然后就走出了房间他们感到极不舒服当我们跟踪调查，问他们到底是怎么回事

they say something like, "I'm just not the creative type." But we know that's not true. If they stick with the process, if they stick with it, they end up doing amazing things. And they surprise themselves at just how innovative（创新的） they and their teams really are.

他们回答道：“我真不是创造型的人”我们知道事实并非如此如果他们坚持到底就会取得非常惊人的成果然后他们会感到非常惊奇自己和所在团队是多么有创意

So I've been looking at this fear of judgment that we have, that you don't do things, you're afraid you're going to be judged; if you don't say the right creative thing, you're going to be judged.

所以我一直在研究这种评价恐惧症你不去做一件事，因为你害怕被评价如果你说不出正确的有创造性的想法，就会被品头论足我的主要突破发生在

And I had a major breakthrough（突破）, when I met the psychologist Albert Bandura. I don't know if you know Albert Bandura, but if you go to Wikipedia, it says that he's the fourth most important psychologist in history -- you know, like Freud, Skinner, somebody and Bandura.

我遇到心理学家艾伯特.班杜拉(Albert Bandura)之后不知你们了不了解艾伯特.班杜拉但如果你们查查维基百科上面写着他是历史上最重要的心理学家第四名弗洛伊德、斯金纳、某某和班杜拉

(Laughter) Bandura is 86 and he still works at Stanford. And he's just a lovely guy. So I went to see him, because he's just worked on phobias for a long time,

班杜拉已经86岁了，还在斯坦福任职他是一个友善的人我去拜访他因他在恐惧症领域有多年经验

which I'm very interested in. He had developed this way, this, kind of, methodology（方法论）, that ended up curing people in a very short amount of time, like, in four hours. He had a huge cure rate of people who had phobias.

而我对此很感兴趣他开发出一种方法能在短时间内治好各种恐惧症在四小时的治疗时间里，治愈率相当高

And we talked about snakes -- I don't know why -- we talked about snakes and fear of snakes as a phobia. And it was really enjoyable, really interesting. He told me that he'd invite the test subject in,

我们谈到了蛇不过我们就谈到了蛇，以及人对蛇的恐惧谈话令人愉悦，非常有趣他告诉我他邀请受试者进入房间

and he'd say, "You know, there's a snake in the next room and we're going to go in there." To which, he reported, most of them replied, "Hell no! I'm not going in there, certainly if there's a snake in there."

对他们说：“隔壁房间有一条蛇我们要走进去”多数受试者回答“天哪，不！我肯定不会进去的！有蛇在那儿”

But Bandura has a step-by-step process that was super successful. So he'd take people to this two-way mirror looking into the room where the snake was. And he'd get them comfortable with that. Then through a series of steps,

班杜拉有一套极为成功的步骤首先他把受试者带到双面镜前观察蛇在房间里的动向让人们逐渐适应然后经过一系列步骤受试者被带到打开的房间门口站着

he'd move them and they'd be standing in the doorway with the door open, and they'd be looking in there. And he'd get them comfortable with that. And then many more steps later, baby steps, they'd be in the room, they'd have a leather glove like a welder's glove on, and they'd eventually touch the snake.

往里面看并逐渐适应之后还有许多循序渐进的步骤他们进入房间，带着焊工那种皮手套触摸蛇

And when they touched the snake, everything was fine. They were cured. In fact, everything was better than fine. These people who had lifelong fears of snakes were saying things like,

当他们摸到蛇的时候事实上，结果比这更好这些生来对蛇恐惧的人说道“看那条蛇多漂亮”

"Look how beautiful that snake is." And they were holding it in their laps. Bandura calls this process "guided mastery（精通）." I love that term: guided mastery. And something else happened.

他们可以把蛇放在膝盖上班杜拉称之为“引导性掌控”我喜欢这个术语：“引导性掌控”其他的事发生了

These people who went through the process and touched the snake ended up having less anxiety（焦虑） about other things in their lives. They tried harder, they persevered longer, and they were more resilient（有韧性的） in the face of failure（失败）.

在这些人经历所有程序最后触摸到蛇后他们对生活中其他事情的焦虑也都减轻了他们更努力，更坚持在失败面前表现得更有韧性他们获得了一种新的自信

They just gained a new confidence（信心）. And Bandura calls that confidence "self-efficacy," the sense that you can change the world and that you can attain what you set out to do.

班杜拉称这种自信为自我效能一种你能改变世界的感觉你能达成自己目标的感觉

Well, meeting Bandura was really cathartic for me, because I realized that this famous scientist had documented and scientifically validated something that we've seen happen for the last 30 years: that we could take people who had the fear that they weren't creative,

与班杜拉的会见对我意义非凡因为我认识到这位著名的科学家有文献和科学证据来证明我们过去三十年所见证的事情证明了我们可以带领那些惧怕自己没有创造力的人们

and we could take them through a series of steps, kind of like a series of small successes, and they turn fear into familiarity. And they surprise themselves. That transformation（转变） is amazing.

通过一系列步骤一系列小小的成功把惧怕成为熟悉，让他们给自己带来惊喜这种转变是惊人的

We see it at the d.school all the time. People from all different kinds of disciplines, they think of themselves as only analytical. And they come in and they go through the process, our process, they build confidence（信心） and now they think of themselves differently.

我们不断在斯坦福设计学院(d.school)看到不同学科的人们他们认为自己只是善于分析他们来我们这儿，经历我们开发的流程树立自信，对自己产生新的看法

And they're totally emotionally excited about the fact that they walk around thinking of themselves as a creative person. So I thought one of the things I'd do today is take you through and show you what this journey looks like.

他们会非常的激动因为他们从此之后会认为自己是有创造力的人我认为我今天的任务之一就是向你们展示这个过程是怎样的

To me, that journey looks like Doug Dietz. Doug Dietz is a technical person. He designs large medical imaging equipment. He's worked for GE, and he's had a fantastic career.

对于我来说，演示这个过程最好的例子就是道格.迪兹(Doug Dietz)道格.迪兹是个技术型人才他设计医用成像设备大型的医用成像设备他为通用电气(GE)工作，有非常成功的事业

But at one point, he had a moment of crisis（危机）. He was in the hospital looking at one of his MRI machines in use, when he saw a young family, and this little girl. And that little girl was crying and was terrified.

不过他也曾有危机时刻他在医院里观察他的核磁共振仪器的实际使用他看到一个年轻的家庭那家的小女孩被吓哭了

And Doug was really disappointed to learn that nearly 80 percent of the pediatric patients in this hospital had to be sedated in order to deal with his MRI machine.

道格心情沮丧地发现医院里将近80%的儿科患者需要服用镇静剂才能做核磁共振因为这之前他一直为自己的工作感到骄傲

And this was really disappointing to Doug, because before this time, he was proud of what he did. He was saving lives with this machine. But it really hurt him to see the fear that this machine caused in kids. About that time, he was at the d.school at Stanford taking classes.

这令道格大为受挫他觉得自己的这台机器能拯救生命然而事实给了他很大打击这台机器给孩子们带来的是恐惧就在那时，他正在斯坦福设计学院学习

He was learning about our process, about design thinking, about empathy（同理心）, about iterative prototyping. And he would take this new knowledge（知识） and do something quite extraordinary（非凡的）. He would redesign the entire experience

他知道了我们的流程关于设计性思维，同情心以及迭代的原型设计他运用了这些新知识做出了非凡的成果他重新设计了扫描检查的全部体验

of being scanned. And this is what he came up with. (Laughter) He turned it into an adventure for the kids. He painted the walls and he painted the machine, and he got the operators retrained by people who know kids, like children's museum people.

这就是他的成果他把核磁共振检查变成了孩子们的大冒险他在墙上和机器上画上图案他请懂孩子的人对医务人员重新培训比如说儿童博物馆的工作人员

And now when the kid comes, it's an experience. And they talk to them about the noise and the movement of the ship. And when they come, they say, "OK, you're going to go into the pirate ship, but be very still, because we don't want the pirates to find you."

对孩子们来说这是一次独特体验他们对孩子们解释噪音和检查舱的运行他们对来检查的孩子说“好了，你现在要潜入这艘海盗船别乱动，不然海盗会发现你的”结果是戏剧化的

And the results were super dramatic: from something like 80 percent of the kids needing to be sedated, to something like 10 percent of the kids needing to be sedated. And the hospital and GE were happy, too,

需要服用镇静剂的孩子从80%降到了10%医院和通用电气公司对此都很高兴

because you didn't have to call the anesthesiologist all the time, and they could put more kids through the machine in a day. So the quantitative results were great. But Doug's results that he cared about were much more qualitative. He was with one of the mothers waiting for her child to come out of the scan.

他们不用一直找麻醉师了每天可以做的检查数量增加了这个定量结果十分显著但道格真正在乎的是定性结论他陪同一位母亲等待她的孩子完成检查

And when the little girl came out of her scan, she ran up to her mother and said, "Mommy, can we come back tomorrow?" (Laughter) And so, I've heard Doug tell the story many times of his personal transformation（转变）

当小女孩做完了检查她跑到妈妈那儿说“妈妈，我们明天还能来吗？”(笑声)我不止一次听道格讲起这个故事这个故事关于他个人的转变

and the breakthrough（突破） design that happened from it, but I've never really seen him tell the story of the little girl without a tear in his eye. Doug's story takes place in a hospital. I know a thing or two about hospitals.

和由此而来的突破性设计但每一次他讲到那个小女孩的故事他都会眼含泪水道格的故事发生在医院里我恰巧对医院略知一二几年前我感觉自己的脖子侧面长了一个肿块

A few years ago, I felt a lump on the side of my neck. It was my turn in the MRI machine. It was cancer, it was the bad kind. I was told I had a 40 percent chance of survival（生存）.

于是轮到我去做核磁共振了是肿瘤。恶性的。我被告知只有40%的存活率

So while you're sitting around with the other patients, in your pajamas, and everybody's pale and thin -- (Laughter) you know? -- and you're waiting for your turn to get the gamma rays, you think of a lot of things. Mostly, you think about: Am I going to survive?

当我坐在一群穿着病号服的病患中间所有人看起来都苍白瘦弱等着轮到自己做放疗的那些时间里会想到很多事多数时间是想“我能活下来吗？”我也无数次想到

And I thought a lot about: What was my daughter's life going to be like without me? But you think about other things. I thought a lot about: What was I put on Earth to do? What was my calling? What should I do?

要是我不在了，我女儿会怎样？我也想到很多别的事情我经常想：我来到世上究竟要做什么？我的使命是什么？我应该做什么？

I was lucky because I had lots of options. We'd been working in health and wellness, and K-12, and the developing world. so there were lots of projects that I could work on. But then I decided and committed at this point, to the thing I most wanted to do,

我很幸运，因为有很多选择我们一直从事医疗福利领域的工作为K through 12项目工作，为第三世界工作我能做的项目有很多但在那时我决定要投身于我最想做的工作那就是去帮助尽可能多的人

which was to help as many people as possible regain the creative confidence（信心） they lost along their way. And if I was going to survive, that's what I wanted to do. I survived, just so you know. (Laughter)

让他们重新获得成长过程中丢失的创造力自信心如果我活下来，我就去做这件事我活下来了，如你们所见(笑声)

(Applause) I really believe that when people gain this confidence（信心） -- and we see it all the time at the d.school and at IDEO -- that they actually start working on the things

(鼓掌声)我坚信当人们获得这种自信正如我们一直以来在斯坦福设计学院和IDEO公司看到的人们就会开始研究生命中真正重要的东西

that are really important in their lives. We see people quit what they're doing and go in new directions. We see them come up with more interesting -- and just more -- ideas, so they can choose from better ideas.

一些人辞掉当下的工作，开辟了新的方向他们有了更多有趣的想法这让他们能从更好的想法中作出抉择

And they just make better decisions. I know at TED, you're supposed to have a change-the-world kind of thing, isn't that -- everybody has a change-the-world thing? If there is one for me, this is it, to help this happen. So I hope you'll join me on my quest,

从而做出更好的抉择我知道在TED应该有种改变世界的精神每个人都有这种改变世界的精神对于我来说，就是让这一切发生我希望诸位能加入我的探索

you as, kind of, thought leaders. It would be really great if you didn't let people divide the world into the creatives and the non-creatives, like it's some God-given thing, and to have people realize that they're naturally creative,

作为思想的领袖这是一件伟大的事：不让人们把世界上的人分成有创意和没创意两种，好像创造力是上天恩赐似的而是让人们意识到他们天生是有创造力的

and that those natural people should let their ideas fly; that they should achieve what Bandura calls self-efficacy, that you can do what you set out to do, and that you can reach a place of creative confidence（信心）

而且人们应该为自己的创意插上现实的翅膀这样他们就会成就班杜拉所说的“自我效能”你能够达到自己的目标你可以拥有创造力自信心

and touch the snake. Thank you. (Applause)

然后去触碰蛇谢谢各位(鼓掌声)